基于小波能量谱的先天或风湿性心脏病异常心音分类算法研究

目的为解决先天性心脏病或风湿性心脏病异常心音分辨问题,应用离散小波频带能量对异常心音分类算法进行研究。方法采集22人的正常心音和116人的异常心音,对心音信号做离散小波变换,根据病理性心杂音在频域内的分布范围划分5层频带,计算得到各层频带的能量占比,根据单因素方差分析方法,提出了基于小波能量谱的心音分类指标。结果对正常心音和异常心音的4个听诊区域进行了分类,最优分类准确率为92%。区分动脉导管未闭和其余异常心音的最优分类准确率为81.9%。结论基于小波能量谱的心音分类算法无需对心音信号进行分割,提取特征值少,可准确有效地对心音信号进行分类,相较于传统的心音听诊,算法的引入能够在异常心音临床诊断中提供参考数据。     

Multi-Frequency Contrast Source Inversion for Reflection Seismic Data

In the contrast source inversion (CSI) method, the contrast sources (equivalent scattering sources) and the contrast (parameter perturbation) are iteratively reconstructed by an alternating optimization scheme. Traditionally integral equation CSI method is formulated for transmission tomography using analytic Green's function in homogeneous background. To extend the method to the case of reflection seismology, in this paper, we use WKBJ method to compute the Green's function of depth dependent background media and the solving method of equations to initialize the contrast source of different frequencies, resulting in an efficient method to invert multi-frequency reflection seismic data – multi-frequency contrast source inversion method (MFCSI). Numerical results for the Marmousi model show that MFCSI method can obtain good results even when low frequency data are missing, in which case the conventional FWI fails.     

加速康复外科在全膝关节置换术中的随机对照研究

目的通过临床随机对照研究，探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在初次单侧人工全膝关节置换术中的应用效果。 方法2016年1月至2018年1月，将南通大学附属建湖医院骨科88例拟定行人工全膝关节置换术患者纳入研究。纳入符合膝关节骨关节炎诊断标准，初次行全膝关节置换的患者；排除不符合诊断及纳入标准者。经随机余数法分组，其中44例采用ERAS围手术期方案(实验组)，44例采用传统围手术期方案(对照组)。对其进行临床评价，包括术后24 h血红蛋白及输血比例、住院时间(LOS)、术后并发症、术后24 h、1个月、6个月、12个月疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、膝关节纽约特种外科医院(HSS)评分及膝关节活动度(ROM)。两组LOS、血红蛋白比较采用成组设计资料t检验，组内手术前后血红蛋白比较采用配对设计资料t检验，VAS评分、HSS评分、膝关节ROM的比较采用重复测量资料的方差分析，计数资料采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果实验组术后24 h血红蛋白明显高于对照组，实验组输血比例、术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组，实验组LOS明显短于对照组。两组VAS评分、HSS评分、膝关节ROM的重复测量方差分析差异有统计学意义(VAS评分F＝9.87，P<0.001；HSS评分F＝10.98，P<0.001；ROM F＝9.94，P<0.001)，均为实验组优于对照组。分组上，术后24 h、1个月实验组和对照组的VAS评分的差异有统计学意义(t＝7.1392、3.9855，均为P<0.05)，术后24 h、1个月及6个月实验组和对照组的HSS评分和膝关节ROM的差异有统计学意义(HSS评分t＝6.6350、5.7948、3.5763，均为P<0.05；ROM t＝7.8032、3.9390、4.7654，均为P<0.05)，术后6个月及12个月实验组和对照组的VAS评分的差异不具有统计学意义(t＝0.5688、0.5180，均为P>0.05)，术后12个月实验组和对照组的HSS评分和膝关节ROM的差异不具有统计学意义(HSS评分t＝0.7687，P>0.05；ROM t＝0.9523，P>0.05)。时间上，实验组和对照组从手术前到术后12个月VAS评分呈降低趋势，实验组和对照组从手术前到术后12个月HSS评分和膝关节ROM呈升高趋势。 结论ERAS理念干预下，患者初次单侧人工全膝关节置换术后失血少、住院时间短、并发症发生率低、术后短期疼痛轻，康复快，利于膝关节功能的早期恢复。     

Effects of antiseizure medications on alternative psychosis and strategies for their application

Forced normalization (FN) is a unique phenomenon that is often seen in the treatment of epilepsy. FN is characterized by abnormal mental behavior and disordered emotions in epilepsy patients despite a significantly improved electroencephalogram and successful seizure control; the occurrence of FN seriously affects patients’ quality of life. The causes of FN include antiseizure medications (ASMs), epilepsy surgery and vagus nerve stimulation, with ASMs being the most common cause. However, with the timely reduction or discontinuation of ASMs and the use of antipsychotic drugs, the overall prognosis is good. Here, we perform an extensive review of the literature pertaining to FN, including its epidemiology, possible mechanisms, clinical features, treatment and prognosis.     

Human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus infection: a case report

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) primarily infects swine but can infect cattle, dogs, and cats. Several studies have reported that PRV can cross the specie barrier and induce human encephalitis, but a definitive diagnosis of human PRV encephalitis is debatable due to the lack of PRV DNA detection. Here, we report a case of human PRV encephalitis diagnosed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of PRV sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient. A male pork vendor developed fever and seizures for 6 days. NGS results showed PRV sequences in his CSF and blood. Sanger sequencing showed that PRV DNA in the CSF and PRV antibodies in both the CSF and blood were positive. MRI results revealed multiple inflammatory lesions in the bilateral hemisphere. Based on the clinical and laboratory data, we diagnosed the patient with PRV encephalitis. This case suggests that PRV can infect humans, causing severe viral encephalitis. People at risk of PRV infection should improve their self-protection awareness.

     

输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点

目的探讨输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点。方法选取2018年10月至2019年3月在山东省立第三医院、山东大学齐鲁医院、济南市中心医院和济南市济钢医院就诊的35例输尿管支架管置入术后患者。纳入标准:年龄18~65岁;输尿管镜碎石术后留置内支架管4周。排除标准:尿液细菌培养阳性;严重肉眼血尿;近期口服抗生素;存在明显残石患者。本研究采用横断面研究方法(临床研究注册号为ChiCTR1800020025),根据有无支架管结壳将患者分为结壳组23例和无结壳组12例。收集拔管当日患者尿液行细菌16s DNA检测。使用UPARSE、UCHIME和RDP calssifier等软件分析两组患者尿液菌群分布特点,明确两组患者尿液中细菌种类总数、细菌丰度,以及丰度占比较大的细菌类别,比较两组患者尿液细菌种类、数量及细菌丰度的差异,明确结壳组患者尿液中丰度占比较大的细菌菌属。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、体质指数、置管侧别、内支架管型号及结石成分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16s DNA检测结果显示,结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为11个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为74个;无结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为7个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为11个,两组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.12,P=0.000)。结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别为乳杆菌属(23.1%)、拟杆菌属(18.8%)和未分级拟杆菌属(17.1%),非结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别是为埃希菌-志贺菌属(32.2%)、肠球菌属(24.9%)和假单胞菌属(18.2%)。两组间差异最大的3种细菌是乳杆菌属(P=0.010),拟杆菌属(P=0.004)和未分级拟杆菌属(P=0.004)。结论支架管结壳患者尿液中细菌种类和数量都明显多于非支架管结壳患者。拟杆菌属细菌在支架管结壳患者尿液中的细菌种类丰度较大。